Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment Explained by Experts

Why Vanuatu?

Vanuatu, an archipelago of around 80 islands, is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and northeast of New Zealand. Its tropical climate, stunning landscapes, and proximity to both Australasia and Asia make it an attractive spot. The country's location offers easy access to major business hubs in the Asia-Pacific region while providing a peaceful, low-density lifestyle surrounded by natural beauty.

Vanuatu has gained popularity as a destination for those seeking second citizenship, primarily due to its fast and streamlined Citizenship by Investment (CBI) program. The program allows applicants to obtain citizenship in just 2-3 months, considered one of the fastest in the world. For individuals in need of quick global mobility or a secondary passport for business and personal reasons, Vanuatu is highly appealing. 

Beyond speed and mobility, Vanuatu is also attractive for its favorable tax regime. The country imposes no income, inheritance, or capital gains taxes on global earnings, which is particularly appealing to high-net-worth individuals and entrepreneurs seeking to optimize their tax burden. Furthermore, Vanuatu offers strong financial privacy, allowing for discreet management of wealth. Coupled with a politically stable environment and growing investment opportunities in sectors like tourism and real estate, Vanuatu provides a compelling combination of benefits for those looking to secure a second citizenship.

Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment Program Overview

Vanuatu’s CBI program, established in 2017 under the "Development Support Program" (DSP), is recognized as the fastest in the world, with approvals typically granted within 60 days. The program is regulated by Chapter 112 of the Citizenship Law and Government Orders No. 215 and No. 8 of 2023. No language tests, interviews, or residency requirements are imposed. However, starting November 1, 2024, applicants must visit Vanuatu or its overseas diplomatic missions to provide biometrics for passport issuance.

To apply, candidates must provide proof of good character and a clean criminal record, without any prior citizenship or visa rejections. Applications are handled through licensed agents, and after a due diligence process, citizenship is granted upon completion of the required investment. The primary investment options include a donation, an investment in government bonds, or an investment in the CNO Future Fund.

Benefits of Vanuatu Citizenship

Vanuatu offers a CBI program with numerous benefits. Here are ten key advantages of acquiring Vanuatu citizenship:

Fast and Efficient Application Process

Vanuatu's citizenship program is known for its speed and efficiency. Applicants can receive citizenship and a Vanuatu passport in as little as 1 to 3 months, making it one of the fastest citizenship by investment options globally.

Strong Passport with Extensive Visa-Free Access

A Vanuatu passport provides visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 90 countries, including the Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Montenegro. However, it is worth noting that visa-free access to the EU is currently under suspension pending further program reforms​. 

Tax Advantages

Vanuatu does not impose wealth, inheritance, gift, or personal income tax for non-residents. This makes it an attractive option for investors seeking to optimize their tax strategy​. However, it is important to note that the country levies indirect taxes, such as VAT (12,5%) and customs duties, which may impact the overall cost of living and business operations.

Investment Opportunities

The citizenship program requires a minimum donation of at least USD 130,000 to the National Development Fund, which helps promote the country's economic development. There is no need for additional real estate investment. This is a straightforward option for gaining citizenship​. 

Access to Business and Financial Opportunities

Vanuatu citizenship provides opportunities to register international companies and open bank accounts in the Asian region, which can facilitate international business operations and help mitigate currency control issues in the applicant’s country of origin​. 

Family Inclusion

The Vanuatu CBI program allows the main applicant to include their spouse, dependent children under 25, and parents over 50 in the same application. This is particularly beneficial for families looking for a collective citizenship option​. 

No Residency or Visit Requirements

Unlike other CBI programs, Vanuatu does not require applicants to reside in or even visit the country to maintain their citizenship, making it a convenient option for those looking for a “Plan B” without disrupting their current lifestyle​. 

Security of a Second Passport

Holding a Vanuatu passport provides security and flexibility, offering a backup option in times of political or economic uncertainty in the applicant’s home country​. Furthermore, the discrete nature of Vanuatu's citizenship process ensures a high level of privacy for investors.

USA Visa Opportunities

While the Vanuatu passport does not provide visa-free access to the United States, Vanuatu citizens can apply for a 10-year B1/B2 visa, which facilitates frequent travel to the USA. Moreover, the application process for the B1/B2 visa is relatively simple, providing a practical solution for Vanuatu passport holders. 

Who Can Apply for Citizenship by Investment in Vanuatu?

Vanuatu CBI program is open to individuals who meet the financial, legal, and character requirements. The program primarily targets high-net-worth individuals, entrepreneurs, and investors who are interested in obtaining a second citizenship through a straightforward and quick process.

Applicants must make a minimum contribution of at least USD 130,000 (with higher amounts for families based on dependents), have a clean criminal record with police clearance, be in good health with a possible medical certificate, demonstrate financial stability through proof of funds, be at least 18 years old with no upper age limit, and have no prior visa or citizenship rejections.

The Vanuatu CBI program is available to individuals from most countries worldwide, with some exceptions. Citizens of Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, and Yemen are generally restricted from applying, although there may be exceptions depending on the applicant’s residency and other factors.

Vanuatu Dual Citizenship Explained

Vanuatu has recognized dual citizenship since 2013, allowing individuals to maintain their original nationality while acquiring Vanuatu citizenship. This feature makes the Vanuatu CBI program attractive for those who wish to gain the benefits of Vanuatu citizenship, such as visa-free travel and tax advantages, without renouncing their existing citizenship.

However, individuals should check the dual citizenship laws in their home country before applying, as some countries may not permit dual nationality.

Vanuatu Citizenship for US citizens

US citizens can apply for Vanuatu citizenship by investment. The application process for US citizens is straightforward, and there are no specific restrictions or additional requirements for US nationals.

Key Benefits of Vanuatu Passport for US Citizens:

• Tax Planning. Vanuatu’s tax-friendly environment can help US citizens optimize their tax strategy, particularly if they are seeking to diversify their tax residency.
• Quick Processing. The Vanuatu CBI program offers one of the fastest processing times, with approvals typically granted within 1-3 months.
• No Residency Requirement. US citizens are not required to reside in Vanuatu to maintain their citizenship.

US citizens should consider the implications of Vanuatu citizenship on their tax obligations in the US, such as reporting requirements under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA).

Vanuatu Citizenship for UK citizens

UK citizens can also participate in the Vanuatu CBI program. The program provides UK citizens with an opportunity to gain a second passport for greater global mobility and potential tax advantages.

Key Benefits of Vanuatu Passport for UK Citizens:

• Simplified Application Process. UK citizens can apply for Vanuatu citizenship without the need for residency or lengthy bureaucratic procedures, making it one of the most straightforward programs in the world.
• Tax Efficiency. With no income tax, no capital gains tax, no inheritance tax, and no wealth tax, Vanuatu provides an appealing tax regime for UK citizens seeking to reduce their tax burden.
• Business and Investment Opportunities. Vanuatu’s strategic location in the South Pacific and stable economic environment offer investment and business opportunities for UK citizens looking to expand their international presence.

In addition to these advantages, UK citizens can maintain dual nationality without compromising their original citizenship, allowing them to enjoy the benefits of both countries simultaneously.

Vanuatu Citizenship for UAE citizens

Vanuatu’s CBI program is an appealing option for UAE citizens who seek a second citizenship with added travel benefits and a favorable tax regime. UAE citizens are not required to meet any additional criteria beyond the standard investment and legal requirements set by the program.

Key Benefits of Vanuatu Passport for UAE Citizens:

• Business Advantages. Holding Vanuatu citizenship can facilitate international business activities, providing easier access to markets and investment opportunities.
• Confidentiality. The Vanuatu CBI program maintains strict confidentiality, ensuring that personal information is not disclosed to third parties.
• Simplified Family Inclusion. The program allows the main applicant to include family members such as spouses, dependent children, and even parents, providing a pathway to secure second citizenship for the entire family.

The process for UAE citizens is streamlined, and the investment requirements are the same as those for other nationalities.

Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment Requirements

The Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment program has three main options: the Development Support Program (DSP) with a minimum contribution of USD 130,000, the Capital Investment Immigration Plan (CIIP) starting at USD 150,000, and the Real Estate option requiring at least USD 200,000 in approved properties.

DSP (Development Support Program)

The Development Support Program (DSP) is the most widely utilized route for Vanuatu citizenship. It requires a non-refundable donation to the government’s Development Support Fund, with a minimum contribution of USD 130,000 for a single applicant. For families, the fees increase as follows:

Each additional dependent incurs an extra fee of USD 15,000. Additionally, applicants must demonstrate proof of having at least USD 250,000 in their bank account to meet the financial eligibility requirements. The purpose of this contribution is to support Vanuatu’s infrastructure and economic development initiatives

CIIP (Capital Investment Immigration Plan)

The CIIP introduced by the Vanuatu government in April 2024 allows investors to contribute USD 150,000 to a government fund. Of this amount, USD 50,000 is allocated to the CNO Future Fund, which is redeemable after 4 years. This program offers a unique opportunity for applicants looking to support sustainable development initiatives while obtaining Vanuatu citizenship.

‍

REO (Real Estate Option Program)

The Real Estate Option Program (REO) under Vanuatu's Citizenship Act allows foreign nationals to acquire citizenship by investing a minimum of USD 200,000 in approved real estate projects. The currently approved projects include Pacific Springs, Narpow Point Coral Bay, and FPF Rainbow City Project on Efate island, as well as Milai on Espiritu Santo island. This option offers investors the benefit of owning property in Vanuatu while obtaining citizenship status.

Based on our extensive experience, successful case history, and established professional relationships in Vanuatu, we strongly recommend the DSP as the optimal route for obtaining Vanuatu citizenship. The DSP stands out as the simplest and most widely chosen option, thanks to its streamlined application process and faster approval times. In contrast, while the CIIP and Real Estate Option offer unique advantages such as contributing to sustainable projects and acquiring property in Vanuatu, these paths often present more complexities and challenges. They involve navigating a more restricted range of approved investment projects and meeting stringent eligibility requirements, which can make these options less accessible for most applicants.

Vanuatu CBI Eligibility Criteria

To qualify for Vanuatu CBI program, applicants must meet several eligibility requirements:

1. Clean Criminal Record. Applicants must have a clean criminal history with no convictions or ongoing investigations. This includes providing police clearance certificates from their country of residence and any other country where they have lived for more than 12 months over the past 10 years.
2. Good Financial Standing. Applicants must demonstrate their financial stability and the legal origin of their funds. This can be verified through bank statements and other financial documents.
3. Health Requirements. The primary applicant and their dependents must be in good health and not suffer from any contagious diseases. A medical examination report is required.
4. Age and Family Dependents. The main applicant must be at least 18 years old. They can include eligible family members such as a spouse, children under 25 who are financially dependent, and parents over 50 who are dependent on the main applicant.
5. No Rejected Visa Applications. Applicants should not have been previously rejected for a visa application in countries that have visa-free or visa-on-arrival agreements with Vanuatu, unless they have subsequently obtained a visa from the same country.
6. Make the Investment. Applicants must commit to making the required investment or donation. This financial contribution is necessary to obtain citizenship and must be completed after initial approval.

Vanuatu CBI Documents Requirements

The Vanuatu CBI program requires a thorough submission of documents to verify the identity, financial standing, and legal background of the applicant and their dependents. All documents must be certified and, if they are not originally in English, translated into English by a certified translator to meet the program's requirements.

The following  documents ensure the eligibility and integrity of each candidate applying for Vanuatu citizenship: 

Principal Candidate:

• Nomination Form: The primary document that initiates the application process.
• Valid Passport: A certified copy of the principal candidate’s passport is required to verify nationality and identity. It must be valid for at least one year after the application is submitted. 
• Identity Card or Driving License: A certified copy of a national identity card to provide further proof of identity.
• Police Certificate: Issued by the state of origin or any country where the applicant has resided for more than a year within the last ten years. This document verifies the candidate’s criminal record (if any).
• Vanuatu Citizenship Commission Due Diligence Check: This step ensures that the candidate passes the Commission’s integrity assessment.
• Personal Profile: A comprehensive document including the candidate’s educational background and employment history.
• Medical Certificate: A health clearance proving the candidate’s fitness and the absence of serious contagious diseases.
• Photos: Six recent passport-sized color photos (40mm x 50mm), adhering to specified guidelines for the application.
• Asset Proof:
  • An Asset Report verifying the candidate's financial standing (with assets of at least USD 250,000).
  • Additional documents such as employment certification, bank reference, or professional and academic certifications to substantiate the candidate’s financial claims.

Spouse:

• Nomination Form: A separate form for the spouse as part of the application.
• Valid Passport: A certified copy to verify identity and nationality.
• Identity Card: A certified copy of the spouse’s national identity card.
• Police Certificate: Issued by the state of origin or any other country where the spouse has resided for over a year within the last ten years.
• Vanuatu Citizenship Commission Due Diligence Check: To ensure the spouse meets the eligibility criteria.
• Marriage Certificate: A notarized copy to confirm the legal relationship between the principal candidate and the spouse.
• Medical Certificate: Health clearance proving the spouse’s fitness.
• Photos: Six recent passport-sized color photos (40mm x 50mm).

Dependent Child (Under 18):

• Nomination Form: Required for each dependent child included in the application.
• Birth Certificate: A notarized copy to verify the child’s identity and relationship to the principal candidate.
• Valid Passport: A certified copy to verify identity and nationality.
• Identity Card: A certified copy of the child’s national identity card.
• Photos: Six passport-sized color photos (40mm x 50mm).
• Medical Certificate: Proof of health and fitness.
• Police Certificate: Required for children aged 12 to 18, verifying any criminal record.
• Vanuatu Citizenship Commission Due Diligence Check: For children aged 12 to 18.

Dependent Resident (Aged 18-25 or Over 65):

• Nomination Form: Required for dependents in this age range who are either students or elderly.
• Birth Certificate: A notarized copy to confirm identity and relationship to the principal candidate.
• Valid Passport: A certified copy for identity verification.
• Identity Card: A certified copy of the dependent’s national identity card.
• Photos: Six recent passport-sized color photos (40mm x 50mm).
• Medical Certificate: Proof of health.
• Police Certificate: Issued from the state of origin or any country where the dependent has resided.
• Vanuatu Citizenship Commission Due Diligence Check: Required to ensure the eligibility of the dependent.

This comprehensive document list ensures that all personal, financial, and legal aspects of the applicant and their family members are thoroughly assessed, making the process secure and transparent.

Vanuatu CBI Minimum Stay Requirements

Vanuatu's CBI program is highly attractive for its simplicity and flexibility, particularly because it does not impose any minimum stay requirements on applicants. Once granted Vanuatu citizenship, individuals have the right to live, work, or study in Vanuatu, but they are not obligated to spend any time in the country to maintain their citizenship. This makes it a highly convenient option for those seeking the benefits of a second passport without the need to relocate or commit to residing in Vanuatu. Moreover, individuals can reside in the USA, UK, or UAE while retaining their Vanuatu citizenship and fully leveraging the benefits associated with the Vanuatu passport.

Furthermore, the application process is straightforward, with no mandatory interviews or language proficiency tests. 

Vanuatu CBI Due Diligence Requirements

In 2024, the due diligence process for Vanuatu CBI program was significantly enhanced to strengthen its relationship with the European Council.

Authorized agents begin the initial due diligence by reviewing applicants' backgrounds, verifying their source of funds, and checking for any criminal history. A certified anti-money laundering officer cross-references the submitted documents with international databases.

The required documents, including a valid passport, police clearance, and a CV, are then forwarded to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU). The FIU typically completes the due diligence process within 3 to 8 working days.

All applicants must demonstrate good character and successfully complete the Vanuatu government's full due diligence process. This involves providing:

• Police reports proving a clean criminal record
• Confirmation of no prior visa refusals
• Various other documents, such as financial statements, employment or business records, identification, and proof of residence

These measures are in place to ensure that only qualified and trustworthy individuals are granted citizenship.

Vanuatu CBI Personal Interview Requirements

As of September 2024, the Vanuatu CBI program has implemented significant changes by introducing a mandatory in-person visit requirement for all applicants. This new measure, effective from August 31, 2024, aligns with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards for travel documents.

The core objective of this requirement is to enhance the security, integrity, and global credibility of the Vanuatu passport, ensuring it complies with international travel and identification standards. As part of the new process, all Vanuatu citizens, including those who acquire citizenship through investment, must undergo personal identity verification and submit their biometrics in person.

To facilitate this process and ensure accessibility for applicants worldwide, the Vanuatu government has designated specific locations where these interviews can be conducted. The primary Vanuatu embassies involved in this process are located in:

• Brussels, Belgium
• Dubai, United Arab Emirates
• Hong Kong, China
• Nouméa, New Caledonia

In addition to these embassies, other approved locations for interviews are available, and the government continues to expand its network to make the process more suitable for applicants in different regions. 

The introduction of in-person visit and biometric submission is a proactive measure aimed at strengthening the Vanuatu CBI program’s reputation while addressing global concerns about the security of travel documents. By incorporating these steps, Vanuatu is assuring that its passports remain highly secure and meet the expectations of international regulatory bodies.

Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment Application Process

The Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment program offers a streamlined process for investors seeking a second passport. The program involves several stages, including a thorough due diligence check, submission of required documents, and final investment payment. 

Step 1. Preliminary Background Check and Pre-Approval (1 day)

The initial step involves a background check conducted by a certified Compliance Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Officer. This process determines whether the applicant is eligible to proceed. At this stage, the applicant provides basic personal information, including a copy of their passport and a brief questionnaire. If the applicant passes this preliminary due diligence, they receive a pre-approval to move forward.

Step 2. Preparation and Submission of Required Documents (2+ weeks)

Once pre-approval is granted, the applicant prepares a detailed set of documents. These include a completed application form, proof of identity, police clearance certificates, financial statements, and other supporting documents. The preparation process can vary in length depending on the complexity and completeness of the documentation.

Step 3. In-Depth Due Diligence by the Financial Intelligence Unit (up to 1 week)

The Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of Vanuatu conducts an in-depth review of the applicant’s profile. This stage involves a comprehensive check to ensure the applicant’s clean criminal and financial record. Any inconsistencies or issues identified at this point can lead to a rejection of the application.

Step 4. Submission of the Application and Biometrics (up to 2 weeks)

After the due diligence is completed, the full application is submitted to the Vanuatu Citizenship Commission. The applicant may need to visit Vanuatu to provide biometric data, such as fingerprints. Alternatively, this step can sometimes be completed at designated offices abroad.

Step 5. Approval, Donation Payment, and Citizenship Issuance (up to 90 days)

Upon successful review and approval of the application, the applicant is required to make the requisite investment or donation to the Vanuatu Development Support Program (DSP) within 3 months. This step typically involves transferring the investment amount, after which a naturalization certificate is issued.

Step 6. Issuance of the Vanuatu Passport (up to 1 month)

After the investment or donation is confirmed, the applicant receives their naturalization certificate and Vanuatu passport. This marks the completion of the citizenship process, granting the applicant all rights and privileges associated with Vanuatu citizenship. 

Golden Harbors experts will help you obtain Vanuatu Citizenship

If you are considering obtaining a second passport through a Citizenship by Investment (CBI) program, Golden Harbors is your reliable partner for a smooth and secure process.

Each CBI program has its own set of specific requirements, and navigating them can be complex. Golden Harbors guides you through every step, ensuring that you meet all the necessary criteria efficiently and accurately.

We pride ourselves on transparency. At Golden Harbors, we provide clear and upfront information regarding fees, costs, and the entire application process. Our team is dedicated to offering detailed insights into every aspect of the program and addressing any questions or concerns promptly.

Customer service is at the core of our business. We offer personalized support throughout the entire application process, ensuring that you have guidance and assistance when you need it most.

Golden Harbors conducts business professionally, adhering to all legal and regulatory requirements. We prioritize client confidentiality and handle personal information with the utmost care and security.

With Golden Harbors, you can trust that your journey to obtaining Vanuatu citizenship will be streamlined, professional, and completed online, with all your needs met by a reputable and experienced team.

FAQ

How Much Does Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment Cost?

The Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment program offers several options, starting with a minimum contribution of USD 130,000 for a single applicant to the Development Support Program. A family of four can apply with a USD 180,000 contribution. Alternatively, investors can opt for the Real Estate Option, requiring an investment of at least USD 200,000 in approved projects, or choose the Capital Investment Immigration Plan with a USD 150,000 donation. The application process is fast, typically taking around 3 months to complete.

Do I Need to Live in Vanuatu to Get Citizenship?

No, you do not need to live in Vanuatu to get citizenship through the Citizenship by Investment program. Vanuatu allows foreign investors to obtain citizenship without the requirement of residing in the country. However, as of August 7, 2024, Vanuatu introduced a new system requiring all CBI applicants to undergo a personal identity verification interview and submit their biometrics in person either on the ground or in diplomatic missions. 

Does Vanuatu Allow Dual Citizenship?

Yes, Vanuatu allows dual citizenship. Since the Citizenship Act of 2013, dual nationality has been permitted in Vanuatu. However, individuals who wish to maintain dual citizenship must register their status with the Vanuatu Citizenship Commission.

How Long Does it Take to Get Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment?

The process of obtaining Vanuatu citizenship through the citizenship by investment program typically takes 1 to 3 months from the time of submission of a complete application. This timeline makes it one of the fastest CBI programs in the world.

What Family Members Can I Add to My Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment Application?

You can include your spouse, dependent children up to 25 years old, and financially dependent parents or grandparents over 50 years old in your Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment application. Additional family members may incur extra fees depending on their relationship and age.

How Strong is a Vanuatu Passport?

In the 2024 Henley Passport Index, the Vanuatu passport ranks 54th globally. It offers visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 92 countries and territories. 

Is Vanuatu Citizenship Worth It?

Vanuatu citizenship can be worth it for those seeking a fast second passport, no residency requirements, and tax benefits. It provides visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 92 countries, but lacks access to major regions like the EU, US, and Canada​. The recent introduction of mandatory in-person biometric submissions may complicate the process for some applicants​. Ultimately, its value depends on your specific travel and financial needs.

What Are the Advantages of the Vanuatu CBI Program Over Caribbean CBI Programs?

The Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment program offers several advantages over Caribbean CBI programs. Firstly, it is the fastest CBI program in the world, with processing times as short as 45-90 days, compared to the typical 4-8 months for most Caribbean programs​. Additionally, the minimum investment threshold is lower, starting at USD 130,000 for a single applicant, making it more affordable compared to the Caribbean programs, which now require a minimum of USD 200,000​. Vanuatu also offers tax benefits, such as zero personal income tax and the option to pay a small annual fee for corporate tax exemptions, which can be attractive for high-net-worth individuals​. Overall, Vanuatu CBI program is ideal for those seeking a quick, cost-effective second citizenship with favorable tax policies and minimal requirements.