Retire in France: Guide for US Expats 2024

10 Reasons to Retire in France

Retiring in France is an enticing prospect for many Americans seeking a blend of cultural richness, excellent healthcare, and an affordable lifestyle. Known for its historical charm, picturesque landscapes, and the renowned joie de vivre, France offers retirees a high quality of life with many practical benefits. Here are ten compelling reasons why France is a top destination for retirement:

Affordable Cost of Living

France's cost of living is generally lower than in the US. Monthly expenses for a single person can be under €1,500, and rent is significantly cheaper, especially outside major cities​. Food and daily essentials are also reasonably priced, allowing retirees to enjoy a comfortable lifestyle on a modest budget. Furthermore, many cultural activities and public amenities are either free or very affordable​. 

Top-notch Healthcare

France boasts one of the world's best healthcare systems, consistently ranked in the top 10 globally by the World Health Organization. Residents, including those with long-stay visitor visas, have access to universal healthcare after three months of residency. Healthcare costs are also relatively low, with a high reimbursement rate for medical expenses—typically around 70% for doctor visits and up to 100% for major surgeries and long-term illnesses​.The system is funded through social security contributions, amounting to around 13% of an employee's gross salary, and offers excellent medical care at reduced costs.

Safety

France is known for its safety, with a well-maintained public security system. It ranks high on global safety indices, making it a secure place for retirees to live​​. Moreover, France's robust emergency services ensure that help is readily available in case of any incidents​. Additionally, the French government has implemented comprehensive disaster preparedness plans, which include well-coordinated response protocols for natural and man-made emergencies, further enhancing the overall sense of security for residents​ 

Tax Benefits

While Americans in France need to file taxes in both countries, the US-France tax treaty helps avoid double taxation on retirement benefits. The Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) also mitigates the impact of paying taxes in both countries​​. In addition, certain income types such as Social Security benefits may only be taxable in the country of source, providing further tax relief. France also offers favorable tax conditions for retirees, including exemptions and deductions that can reduce the overall tax burden​. 

Cultural Richness

France offers an unparalleled cultural experience, from its historical sites and art museums to its culinary delights and wine regions. Cities like Paris, Lyon, and Nice are hubs of culture and history​. The country hosts numerous festivals, concerts, and exhibitions throughout the year, enriching the cultural life of its residents. Furthermore, the French lifestyle emphasizes leisure and socializing, contributing to a fulfilling retirement experience​.

Travel Opportunities

France has an extensive public transportation network, making it easy to travel within and between cities. This includes high-speed trains (TGV), buses, and well-connected metro systems​. Besides, traveling between European countries is also convenient from France due to its central location in Europe. The country shares borders with several countries, including Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, and Andorra, making cross-border travel easy and accessible by train, bus, or car. France is part of the Schengen Area, which allows for passport-free travel across 26 European countries, simplifying international travel for retirees. ​

Mild Climate

Many regions in France, such as Provence and the French Riviera, enjoy a Mediterranean climate with mild winters and warm summers, ideal for an enjoyable retirement​​. This pleasant weather allows for a variety of outdoor activities year-round, from beach outings to hiking. Moreover, the mild climate is beneficial for health, particularly for those with respiratory or joint issues​. 

Welcoming Expat Communities

France has established expatriate communities, providing a support network for new retirees. Areas like Paris, Provence, and the Dordogne are popular among American retirees​. These communities offer social clubs, events, and forums where expats can share experiences and advice. For example, in Paris, groups like the American Club of Paris and the Association of Americans Resident Overseas (AARO) offer regular meetings and events to connect expats​​. In Provence, the Provence Anglo-American Group (PAAG) organizes social events and activities for English-speaking expats​. In Dordogne, the British Community in Dordogne (BCD) provides a network for British retirees, which also attracts American expats looking for community and support. 

High Quality of Life

The French lifestyle, with its emphasis on good food, socializing, and leisure, contributes to a high quality of life. France is renowned for its culinary excellence, boasting over 300 Michelin-starred restaurants, more than any other country in the world​. The French prioritize work-life balance, ensuring ample time for relaxation and hobbies. According to the OECD, France has one of the shortest average work weeks in Europe, with full-time employees working an average of 35 hours per week, allowing ample time for personal activities​.  France ranks high on the Environmental Performance Index, reflecting its strong policies and practices in environmental health and ecosystem vitality​. 

Residency Options

France offers friendly residency options for retirees, including the Long Stay Visitor Visa (VLS-TS), which can be renewed indefinitely. After five years, retirees may apply for a 10-year residency card​​ and citizenship eventually. France's policies on long-term residency reflect its welcoming attitude towards foreign retirees​. Also, France allows dual nationality, so retirees can maintain their original citizenship while enjoying the benefits of being a French resident​. 

How to Retire in France? 

Retiring in France is a dream for many, with its beautiful landscapes, rich culture, and high-quality healthcare system. However, the process involves meeting specific age, visa, income, and other requirements. Below is a comprehensive guide to help you navigate the process.

Age requirements to retire in France 

The legal retirement age in France is currently 62, and this is set to gradually increase to 64 by 2030 due to recent pension reforms. However, for foreigners looking to retire in France, there is flexibility regarding age requirements. US citizens can apply for a long-stay visa as long as they have a passive income or pension income, without any specific age limit. This means you can retire in France regardless of your age, provided you meet the financial requirements.

For those who plan to work in France or are part of the French social security system, the age at which you can start receiving a full pension depends on the number of quarters you have contributed. For individuals born after 1973, a full pension is available after contributing for 43 years (172 quarters). 

Visa requirements to retire in France

US citizens wishing to retire in France must apply for a long-stay visa. The "Visitor" visa (VLS-TS Visiteur) is most commonly used for retirees among other types of residency, including Talent Passports or so-called “Golden Visas”. This visa allows you to stay in France for up to one year and can be renewed annually. To apply for this visa, you must provide:

• Proof of sufficient income to support yourself without working.
• Proof of health insurance covering your stay in France.
• Proof of accommodation in France.

The visa application is initiated through the French Consulate in the USA. Upon arrival in France, you must register with the French Immigration and Integration Office (OFII).  

Income requirements to retire in France

To retire in France, it is essential to demonstrate that you have sufficient financial resources to support yourself without working. This requirement is primarily to ensure that retirees can sustain their lifestyle and do not become a burden on the French social welfare system.

You must prove that you have a stable and sufficient income. While there is not a specified minimum amount, a general guideline suggests that your income should be at least equivalent to the French minimum wage (SMIC). As of 2024, this is approximately €1,766.92 per month.

Our Golden Harbors team recommends that our clients demonstrate a minimum monthly income of €3,000 and provide acceptable sources of income, including: 

• Pension payments
• Savings
• Investment returns
• Rental income

Furthermore, for retirees who do not meet the income requirements through pensions alone, the Solidarity Allowance for the Elderly (ASPA) may be available. This benefit is designed for pensioners with low income and provides a maximum amount of €1,012.02 per month for an individual or €1,571.16 for a couple, depending on your total income and assets.

It is important to maintain accurate records and documentation of all income sources and financial statements when applying for the visa. This will facilitate the application process and ensure compliance with French immigration regulations.

Other requirements to retire in France

In addition to age, visa, and income requirements, there are other considerations for retiring in France:

• Health Insurance. You must have private health insurance to cover medical expenses in France. After three months of residency, you may apply for the French public healthcare system (PUMA).
• Language. While not a formal requirement, having a basic understanding of French can significantly ease your transition and integration into French society.
• Accommodation. You must have a place to live in France, whether it is rented or owned. Proof of accommodation is required for the visa application.
• Tax Considerations. France has a bilateral tax treaty with many countries, including the United States, to avoid double taxation. It is advisable to consult with a tax advisor to understand how your retirement income will be taxed. This can help you optimize your tax situation and ensure compliance with both French and home country tax regulations. Additionally, you must submit at least one French tax return to be eligible for permanent residency and citizenship after 5 years of residency. 

Can Americans Retire in France?

Yes, Americans can retire in France, typically by obtaining a long-stay visa (VLS-TS) which allows them to stay for up to one year, renewable annually, and after five years, they can apply for permanent residency and citizenship eventually. Key requirements include proof of financial means, health insurance, and accommodation. The cost of living varies; urban areas like Paris and the French Riviera are more expensive, while rural areas and smaller cities like Nantes or Marseille offer a more affordable lifestyle​. 

France is renowned for its excellent healthcare system, which retirees can access through Assurance Maladie, supplemented by private insurance if desired. Financially, US retirees benefit from the US-France tax treaty, which prevents double taxation on pensions​. Popular retirement destinations among US citizens include Provence, Dordogne, and Alsace, each offering unique cultural and scenic advantages​​.

5 Best Places to Retire in France

Currently, France is becoming an increasingly popular choice for retirees. The country offers a range of housing options that cater to the needs and preferences of older adults, typically aged 55 and above, who are seeking a supportive and comfortable living environment during their retirement years. The following are some of the best places to retire in France:

Nice

Nice, located on the French Riviera, is renowned for its stunning coastline, vibrant cultural scene, and Mediterranean climate. Retirees are attracted to its picturesque old town, beautiful promenades, and excellent healthcare facilities.

Main Attractions:

• Promenade des Anglais
• Old Town (Vieux Nice)
• Castle Hill (Colline du Château)
• Matisse Museum
• Cours Saleya Market

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Bordeaux

Bordeaux is known for its world-class wine, elegant architecture, and vibrant culture. It offers a relaxed lifestyle with a blend of urban and rural experiences, making it an ideal retirement destination.

Main Attractions:

• Place de la Bourse
• Bordeaux Wine and Trade Museum
• St. Andrew's Cathedral
• Jardin Public

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Lyon

Lyon, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is famed for its historical and architectural landmarks, as well as its culinary scene. The city provides an excellent quality of life with access to top-notch healthcare and cultural activities.

Main Attractions:

• Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière
• Old Lyon (Vieux Lyon)
• Parc de la Tête d'Or
• Museum of Fine Arts

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Aix-en-Provence

Aix-en-Provence is known for its charming streets, historic architecture, and vibrant arts scene. The city offers a relaxed lifestyle with beautiful surroundings, making it an attractive place for retirees.

Main Attractions:

• Cours Mirabeau
• Saint-Sauveur Cathedral
• Granet Museum
• Pavillon Vendôme

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Annecy

Annecy, often called the "Venice of the Alps," is known for its stunning lake, beautiful old town, and outdoor activities. It offers a peaceful and picturesque environment for retirees who enjoy nature and a relaxed lifestyle.

Main Attractions:

• Lake Annecy
• Château d'Annecy
• Jardins de l'Europe
• Pont des Amours

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Retire in France vs Spain

Deciding to retire abroad is a significant step, and for American retirees considering Europe, France and Spain are two of the most popular destinations. 

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Weather is a crucial factor for many retirees seeking a warmer climate. Spain offers approximately 3,000 hours of sunshine per year, making it the sunniest option. France, while not as sunny, still provides a favorable climate with 1,500 to 2,800 hours of sunshine annually, depending on the region, from the northern areas like Normandy and Brittany to the southern city of Marseille.

When it comes to the cost of living, Spain generally proves to be more affordable than France. According to a 2023 analysis by Eurostat, France is ranked as the 8th most expensive country in the EU, whereas Spain is ranked 13th. This difference is reflected in the cost of food and daily expenses, with France being above the EU average and Spain below it. 

For those planning to purchase a home, property prices are a critical consideration. In February 2024, the average price per square meter in Spain was €2,056, significantly lower than France's average of €3,101. Additionally, renting is more prevalent in France, where 63% of the population owns their homes compared to 75% in Spain.

The language barrier can also influence the retirement experience. Spanish is ranked as the third easiest language for English speakers to learn, while French is ranked eighth. 

Healthcare is another major concern for retirees. Both France and Spain have robust healthcare systems, with France spending around 12% of its GDP on healthcare and Spain about 11%. 

In terms of popularity among American expats, France is the more favored destination, with nearly 62,000 US expats residing there compared to about 57,000 in Spain, according to United Nations Population Division data from 2020. This preference could be attributed to various factors, including cultural appeal and historical ties.

To retire in France, non-EU citizens, including Americans, typically apply for a Long-Stay Visa.  The key requirements include proof of sufficient income, generally around €1,800 per month per person, proof of comprehensive private health insurance covering the duration of stay, evidence of accommodation in France, and a clean criminal record. Once in France, retirees need to apply for a residence permit (Carte de Séjour) at the local prefecture, which needs to be renewed annually. 

In contrast, Spain offers a Non-Lucrative Visa for retirees, which is popular among non-EU citizens. The main requirements include proof of sufficient income, with a minimum of around €28,800 annually plus €7,200 for each additional family member, proof of private health insurance with full coverage in Spain, evidence of accommodation in Spain, and a clean criminal record certificate from the country of origin and any country of residence in the past five years. The Non-Lucrative Visa is initially valid for one year and can be renewed for two more years, followed by subsequent renewals, making the process straightforward with clear income requirements.

In conclusion, both France and Spain offer compelling options for retirees seeking a comfortable and enriching lifestyle in Europe.

Retirement in France FAQ

How Old Do You Have to Be to Retire in France?

To retire in France, you typically need to be at least 62 years old, which is the minimum age for claiming the state pension. However, foreigners receiving pension, social security, or disability income can retire at any age regardless of this minimum requirement.

How Much Money Do You Need to Retire in France?

The amount of money needed to retire in France varies based on lifestyle and location. On average, a single person might need between €1,500 to €3,000 per month to cover living expenses, including housing, utilities, food, healthcare, and leisure activities.

If You Retire in France, Do You Still Get Social Security?

Yes, if you retire in France, you can still receive Social Security benefits from the United States. The U.S. Social Security Administration allows payments to be sent to retirees living in most foreign countries, including France. 

Does France Tax US Social Security Benefits?

No, France does not tax the U.S. Social Security benefits. Under the tax treaty between the United States and France, U.S. Social Security benefits are only taxable in the United States. This means that while you will still be liable for U.S. taxes on these benefits, you will not have to pay French taxes on them.

Does France Have a Retirement Visa?

​​Yes, France offers a long-stay visa for retirees. This visa allows foreign retirees to live in France for more than 90 days. To obtain this visa, applicants must provide proof of sufficient income to support themselves without working, comprehensive health insurance, and sometimes a criminal background check

Where Is the Cheapest Place to Retire in France?

The cheapest places to retire in France are typically found in the rural and less touristy regions. Areas such as Auvergne, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes are known for their lower cost of living. These regions offer affordable housing, lower overall expenses, and a peaceful lifestyle while still providing access to essential services and amenities. 

Do US Retirees Pay Taxes in France?

US retirees living in France are generally subject to French taxes on their worldwide income. However, under the US-France tax treaty, certain income, including US Social Security benefits, is only taxable in the US. Retirees must file tax returns in both countries, but the treaty helps prevent double taxation by allowing credits for taxes paid to the other country. It is advisable to consult with a tax professional familiar with international taxation to ensure compliance with both US and French tax laws.

What Is the Easiest European Country for the U.S. Citizen to Retire to?

Portugal is often considered one of the easiest European countries for U.S. citizens to retire to. It offers a straightforward visa process with its "D7" visa, which is specifically designed for retirees and those with passive incomes of at least EUR 1,000. The cost of living in Portugal is relatively low, the healthcare system is excellent, and the country has a large and welcoming expat community. 

What Are Other Popular Countries for Retirement in Europe?

Other popular retirement destinations in Europe for U.S. citizens include Spain, Italy, Ireland, and Greece. Each of these countries offers unique advantages, making them attractive options for retirement in Europe. For retirees, each of these countries provides specific retirement visas, such as Spain's Non-Lucrative Visa, Italy's Elective Residence Visa, Ireland's Stamp 0, and Greece's financially independent person visa, simplifying the process of settling down in these beautiful locales.