Argentina Citizenship: Everything You Need To Know

Why Argentina?

Argentina, often referred to as the "Land of Silver," boasts diverse opportunities for foreigners. The country's name may derive from the Latin word "Argentum," meaning silver, reflecting its historical association with valuable resources. Argentina, the second-largest country in South America and the eighth-largest globally, is renowned for its rich natural resources, varied landscapes, and abundant talent. From bustling cities to tranquil countryside, thick forests to ocean shorelines, Argentina offers a plethora of exploration possibilities.

In terms of its economy, Argentina has faced challenges and fluctuations, including periods of economic instability and inflation. However, it is the third-largest economy in South America, with a GDP of USD 1,01 trillion at the end of 2023. The country is known for its agricultural prowess, being a major exporter of crops like soybeans and beef. 

Politically, Argentina has a democratic system, but its political landscape has witnessed shifts and challenges over the years. Argentinians elected right-wing populist Javier Milei, as the country's new president in a run-off election on November 19, 2023. He is promising economic shock treatment, which would entail cutting spending, abolishing the peso, and closing the central bank.

The social fabric is woven with a rich cultural heritage, evident in its contributions to the world of sports. Soccer is a national passion, and Argentina has produced some of the world's most celebrated soccer players, like Maradona and Messi.

For those considering residency or citizenship, Argentina offers enticing benefits. The citizenship process is known for its speed, being one of the quickest naturalization processes in the world. Argentina's citizenship can be obtained through various avenues, including marriage, descent, birth, and naturalization. This opens up opportunities not only for individuals but also for their children. The Argentine passport is highly regarded, adding to the appeal of obtaining citizenship or residence in this culturally and geographically diverse nation.

Argentina Passport

The Argentine passport is characterized by its blue cover adorned with the national emblem, including the sun of May. It is typically valid for 10 years for adults and 5 years for minors. 

The Argentina passport holds a noteworthy position in international travel, offering its holders the privilege of visa-free access to over 155 countries, including EU, Mexico, Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, etc. Argentina's passport ranks favorably in terms of global mobility, taking 11th place in the Passport Index 2023. 

One significant advantage for Argentine passport holders is the free travel arrangement within the Mercosur states. Mercosur, or the Southern Common Market, is a regional economic and political bloc in South America. Argentina, being a member, allows its citizens to travel freely to other Mercosur member states without the need for a visa. The Mercosur member countries include Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Suriname are associate countries. This streamlined travel process within Mercosur enhances the ease of movement for Argentine passport holders within the region, fostering economic and cultural ties.

Argentina Citizenship Benefits

1. Political Rights and Right to Hold Public Office

Argentine citizens possess the privilege of participating in both national and local elections, empowering them to shape political outcomes and elect their representatives. Moreover, citizens are granted the opportunity to run for public office, promoting a dynamic and inclusive political environment that facilitates the involvement of individuals from diverse backgrounds in the policymaking process. This ensures a richer tapestry of perspectives and experiences contributing to the nation's governance.

2. Protection and Assistance From Overseas

Citizens enjoy the fundamental right to receive protection and assistance from the Argentine government while traveling abroad, guaranteeing access to consular services and support in various situations. In 2023, the Argentinian embassies and consulates assisted over 20,000 citizens in distress situations globally, exemplifying the government's commitment to providing the well-being and safety of its citizens beyond national borders.

3. Social Benefits and Services

Eligibility for social benefits provided by the government, such as healthcare, education, social security, and welfare programs, contributes significantly to citizens' quality of life. As of 2023, these social initiatives have positively impacted millions of Argentinians, with over 80% of the population benefiting from accessible healthcare services, ensuring a healthier and more equitable society.

4. Access to Higher Education

Enhanced accessibility to public universities and educational institutions, along with available scholarships and financial aid opportunities, is fostering a more inclusive higher education environment. Government-sponsored scholarship programs have notably contributed to a remarkable 25% increase in enrollment rates for students from underprivileged backgrounds over the past 5 years, thereby cultivating a more diverse and educated society.

5. Unrestricted Entry and Exit

Argentine citizens can enter and exit the country freely, gaining global connectivity and individual mobility. This open-door policy not only encourages international collaboration and cultural exchange but also reflects Argentina's commitment to upholding the principles of freedom and personal choice for its citizens.

6. Employment Opportunities

Citizenship can enhance employment prospects, especially in government positions or sectors requiring security clearances, contributing to national security and governance. Argentina's employment rate averaged 41.71% from 2002 to 2023, peaking at 45.00% in the first quarter of 2023. This positive correlation underscores the significance of citizenship in bolstering workforce participation and economic stability.

7. Property Ownership

Fewer restrictions on property ownership for citizens, including preferential policies and incentives, contribute to a stable real estate market and encourage property ownership. In 2023, the College of Notaries of the City of Buenos Aires reported that nearly 4,000 real estate purchase and sale transactions were completed, totaling a staggering USD 145.66 billion,, reflecting the positive impact of accessible property ownership policies on real estate activity and economic growth.

8. Business Ownership and Investment

Citizens may face fewer restrictions when establishing businesses, investing, or engaging in commercial activities with access to government grants, loans, and business development programs. This conducive environment for business ownership is reflected in the fact that countries with such policies experience a 20% higher rate of new business registrations. This shows entrepreneurial growth and economic dynamism.

9. Military Service

While generally voluntary, citizenship may confer additional rights and responsibilities related to national defense and security, offering specialized training and career opportunities for those who choose to serve. Argentina is ranked 28th out of 145 countries considered for the annual Global Firepower Review in 2023.

10. Dual Citizenship

Argentina permits dual citizenship, providing advantages for individuals with strong ties to both Argentina and their country of origin, facilitating seamless travel, work, and residence in either location. This inclusive policy not only promotes global interconnectedness but also encourages a richer cultural tapestry within Argentina, as individuals bring diverse perspectives and experiences to contribute to the nation's vibrant identity.

11. Citizenship for the Whole Family

Citizenship benefits extend to immediate family members, including spouses, children, and parents, promoting social cohesion and family-centered citizenship. This family-oriented approach not only strengthens social bonds but also reinforces the values of unity and support, ensuring that the benefits of citizenship positively impact the well-being of the entire familial network within the community.

12. Tax Benefits

Dual citizens benefit from an advantageous tax regime, including a territorial tax system, double taxation treaties, and the absence of wealth and estate taxes, potentially reducing overall tax burdens. Residents and non-residents are taxed at graduated income tax rates ranging from 5% to 35%; however, special tax rates apply to gains from securities (including dividends), interest, and real estate property. The corporate tax rate varies from 25% to 35%. 

Argentina Dual Citizenship

In Argentina, dual nationality is recognized and accepted. Reciprocity agreements have been established with several countries, including Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Spain, the United States (until October 20, 1981), Honduras, Italy, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, and Sweden. Argentine citizens who have been naturalized in one of these countries are considered dual citizens and can enter Argentina with documents of either nationality, unless they plan to reside permanently in Argentina. 

For those with dual citizenship in non-reciprocity countries, such as through naturalization, they are recognized only as Argentine citizens within Argentina and typically enter and leave using their Argentine passport. However, if they stay more than 180 days, departure requires the use of their Argentine passport. Alternatively, individuals can choose not to invoke their Argentine nationality, entering and leaving as foreign nationals, as long as their travel documents do not specify Argentina as their place of birth or residence.

Argentina Dual Citizenship with USA

Both Argentina and the USA allow dual citizenship, meaning that you can hold citizenship in both countries simultaneously. Please see the comparison table below.

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Argentina Dual Citizenship with Canada

Argentina recognizes dual citizenship, allowing individuals to hold citizenship in both Argentina and Canada at the same time. Here is a brief comparison between Argentina and Canada regarding dual citizenship.

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Argentina Dual Citizenship with Italy

Dual nationality is allowed in Italy, and you do not need to renounce any other citizenship.

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Argentina Dual Citizenship with Germany

Germany allows dual citizenship in certain cases. You can, for example, keep your German citizenship if you have a foreign parent and a German parent (regardless of birthplace). You can also have dual citizenship if you received your German citizenship at birth.

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Argentina Dual Citizenship with Chile

In both Chile and Argentina, dual citizenship is allowed, as highlighted in the provided table.

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Argentina Dual Citizenship with Colombia

Colombian nationality law recognizes that a Colombian by birth or naturalization can hold multiple nationalities.

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Argentina Dual Citizenship with Cuba

Overall, Cuba does not recognize dual citizenship. According to Article 36 of the Cuban Constitution, however, the acquisition of another nationality does not imply the loss of Cuban nationality. Cuban citizens are subject to this condition as long as they remain within national territory and do not make use of another citizenship.

In other words, Cuban citizens can maintain their Cuban nationality alongside another citizenship, but this coexistence is contingent upon the individual refraining from asserting the privileges and benefits associated with their alternative citizenship while present in Cuba.

Argentina Dual Citizenship with Japan

Article 11 (1) of Japan's nationality law states that a Japanese national who chooses to obtain another nationality loses their Japanese citizenship. In addition, those who have had dual citizenship since childhood have to choose one by the age of 20. 

As a result of these regulations, Argentina's policy on dual citizenship is not recognized by Japan, and individuals with dual citizenship involving Argentina and Japan cannot maintain both nationalities simultaneously. It is essential for those navigating citizenship matters between Argentina and Japan to be aware of and adhere to these legal provisions, as failure to do so may result in the loss of Japanese citizenship as outlined in the law.

How to Get Argentina Citizenship?

To get Argentine citizenship, individuals can explore various pathways, such as citizenship by descent, marriage, or through residency. Each pathway has specific requirements, and individuals are advised to consult with the Golden Harbor team for personalized guidance through the application process.

Citizenship by Naturalization

To obtain Argentine citizenship through naturalization, you need to fulfill certain conditions as outlined in Article 2 of Law 346. The key requirements and considerations are as follows:

1. Age Requirement

You must be over eighteen years of age.

2. Residency Requirement

You must have resided in Argentina for two continuous years as a resident under various visas and residency permits. 

3. Declaration of Intent

You need to appear before a federal judge and express your will to become an Argentine citizen.

4. Special Considerations for Spouses or Parents

Foreigners who are married to or have children with Argentine citizens do not need to meet the standard two-year residency requirement.

5. Potential Barriers to Citizenship

• If you have been in jail for more than three years within the last five years, your application may be rejected.
• An illegitimate source of income could lead to a denial.
• Being under criminal prosecution may also be a barrier to obtaining citizenship.

6. No Language Requirements or Exams

Unlike some other countries, Argentina does not impose language requirements, exams, or tests for citizenship, making the process relatively straightforward.

7. Federal Court Evaluation

The Federal Court evaluates applications carefully, considering factors such as the source of income, ongoing investigations for serious crimes, and previous convictions. Crimes over 10 years old or those without an equivalent penalty in Argentina are less likely to impede the application process.

Citizenship by Marriage

If you are married to an Argentine citizen, you have the opportunity to apply for Argentine nationality while residing in Argentina. The typical two-year waiting period, a requirement for most applicants, is waived in this particular circumstance. This special provision extends to all marriages, including same-sex marriages, which have been legally recognized in Argentina since 2010.

In essence, being married to an Argentine citizen streamlines the naturalization process, allowing spouses to acquire citizenship more swiftly than the standard waiting period would otherwise require. This inclusive approach, recognizing both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages, aligns with Argentina's commitment to equal rights and reflects the progressive legal framework established in the country.

Citizenship by Descent

If you are seeking Argentine citizenship through descent (by option), there are specific avenues available depending on the circumstances of your parent's nationality. This process is governed by the principle of Jus Sanguinis (right of blood), primarily designed for individuals born outside of Argentina.

1. Children of Argentine-Born Parents

If you are the child of a native Argentinian parent born abroad, you have the option to choose Argentine nationality. The process can be initiated at the Argentine consulate if you are abroad or at the RENAPER (National Registry of Persons) or civil registries if you are in the country. The key requirements include being the child of a native Argentine father or mother and, if over 18, making the option yourself. For those under 18, the option can be exercised by the holders of parental authority.

2. Children of Argentine Citizens by Option

If your parents are Argentine citizens by option, meaning your grandparent was born in Argentina, you are likely eligible for citizenship by descent. The application process involves submitting a request to a judge in the Argentine Federal Court, and legal representation is mandatory. 

3. Children of Argentine Citizens by Naturalization

If your parents acquired Argentine citizenship through naturalization, you may be eligible for Argentine citizenship as well. The application must be made to a judge in the Argentine Federal Court, with legal representation being a prerequisite.

Citizenship by Investment

Argentina does not offer a direct citizenship by investment program, but it does provide a residency by investment program that can serve as a gateway to obtaining an Argentine passport. 

The legislation outlines a minimum investment of at least ARS 1,500,000 (approximately USD 2,000 at the exchange rate of ARS 823.501 per 1 USD) into a local business. Crucially, the invested amount must originate from a legal source and be held in BCRA-authorized financial institutions (BCRA stands for the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic).

To navigate this process successfully, it's important to note that practical experiences suggest investments of at least USD 50,000 into a productive business may face challenges in approval by the Immigration Agency. Additionally, individuals from countries listed by the immigration agency may find preferences for high-net-worth individuals or those with a proven track record of success in their field during the application process. Despite these considerations, the 2-year residency requirement for obtaining Argentine citizenship is notably short, making the residency by investment program an efficient route for those seeking expedited naturalization.

Argentina Citizenship by Birth

In Argentina, citizenship by birth is a straightforward and automatic process, according to Article 1 of Law 346. Any person born in Argentine territory acquires Argentine citizenship at the time of their birth, except for the children of people in the service of an external government, such as foreign diplomats.

This unique pathway benefits both a child born in Argentina and their parents, facilitating a smoother and quicker transition to becoming Argentine citizens. When a child is born in Argentina, they are immediately eligible for Argentine citizenship. This entitlement also extends to the child's parents, who, upon receiving their DNI (Documento Nacional de Identidad), find themselves on an expedited path to citizenship.

This process significantly reduces the waiting time and complexities typically associated with the naturalization procedure. Upon obtaining the DNI, parents are eligible to apply for Argentine citizenship just 1 year after their child's birth in the country. This accelerated pathway is designed to foster a sense of belonging and integration for families, recognizing the importance of a stable and secure legal status in promoting familial and social well-being

This opportunity not only expedites the legal formalities associated with residency and citizenship but also encourages cultural assimilation and the development of deep ties within the community. For those considering Argentina as a new home, this fast track to citizenship by naturalization represents a compelling incentive, offering a straightforward and expedited route to becoming an integral part of this vibrant and welcoming society.

How to Apply for Argentine Citizenship?

Applying for Argentina citizenship involves several steps, and the process may vary depending on your circumstances. The step-by-step process is as follows :

Step 1. Meet Residence Requirements

Typically, applicants for Argentine citizenship must have established legal residency in the country. This may involve obtaining a temporary residence permit first. After 2 years of uninterrupted and documented residence in the country, you will be able to apply for citizenship. 

Step 2. Gather Documentation and Submit Your Application 

You have to prepare the supporting documents, including your original birth certificate, current identity documents (passport or residency card, etc.), police criminal record certificates, and any other documents specific to your application. If you live in the City of Buenos Aires, you have to go to the National Chamber of Appeals in Civil and Federal Commercial, located at Talcahuano 550 (Ground Floor, Office 2083), between 7:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. If you live in the interior of the country, you have to visit the Federal National Civil and Commercial Court closest to your home and submit an application. 

Step 3. Obtain the Citizenship Letter

At this stage, you will get  a letter of citizenship once your application is approved. Argentine nationality is officially acquired when the Testimony of the Act is incorporated into a Registro Nacional de las Personas (RENAPER).

Step 4. Process New ID with a Citizenship Card

Once you receive the letter of citizenship, you will proceed with getting an ID card with a Citizenship Card as an Argentine citizen. You have to choose a nearby civil registry or make an appointment for a RENAPER Documentation Center in the My Argentina app. Please ensure you arrive at the designated office with evidence of your shift. Save the proof of the request for the procedure and follow up online with your ID from here.

Step 5. Collect Your ID and Apply for Passport

Pick your new ID card out at the office with proof of the request for processing. If the mail delivers it to your home, receive it yourself or have someone over 18 years of age receive it with proof of the request for processing. After receiving an ID card, you will be able to apply for an Argentine passport. 

Argentina Citizenship Timeline

Argentina is one of the simplest countries to get citizenship and one of the fastest places to go from day zero to a new passport. 

With a wealth of expertise in navigating the intricacies of immigration law, the Golden Harbors team brings invaluable experience to guide you through the Argentine citizenship application process. Based on our experience, the process is straightforward as long as you have not committed any crimes during your time in Argentina and meet the requirements for citizenship. 

Currently, it takes between 8 and 15 months from the time you meet the requirements to the time you receive your citizenship certificate. In general, you have to spend two years in Argentina to qualify for citizenship, followed by another year or so until you become a citizen. 

Argentina Citizenship FAQ

How Long Does It Take to Become a Citizen in Argentina?

Becoming a citizen in Argentina is a relatively swift process, requiring only 2 years of residency. Foreigners with an Argentine spouse or child can apply for citizenship without needing to fulfill the standard 2-year residency requirement.

Is it Easy to Get Citizenship in Argentina?

Yes, it is easy to get citizenship in Argentina if you satisfy all the requirements. With a relatively short residency requirement of 2 years, it provides a comparatively quicker path to citizenship. Obtaining citizenship in Argentina is generally considered accessible compared to many other countries. 

Does Argentina Allow Dual Citizenship With the US?

Yes, Argentina allows dual citizenship with the US. You are not required to renounce your US passport to become a citizen of Argentina.

Does Argentina Allow Triple Citizenship?

Yes, Argentina allows dual, triple, and multiple citizenships. It is important to thoroughly research and understand the specific regulations and requirements of all the involved countries to ensure compliance with their respective citizenship laws.

Does Argentina Give Citizenship by Birth?

Yes, Argentina gives citizenship by birth. The principle of jus soli (right of the soil) is recognized in Argentina, which means that individuals born within the territory of Argentina are generally considered Argentine citizens, regardless of the citizenship status of their parents.

Can You Get Argentine Citizenship Through College?

Yes, you can get Argentine citizenship through college. Attending college in Argentina might be a way for individuals to establish residency, which is a common requirement for citizenship applications.

How to Renounce Argentina Citizenship?

In contrast to the majority of other nations, Argentine nationality cannot be revoked unless it was acquired illegally, for example, by presenting false documentation. Citizenship can only be renounced in person in the presence of an Argentine judge, who renders a decision regarding the request's acceptance or denial.

What Are Other Popular Countries to Acquire Citizenship in South America?

Apart from Argentina, other popular countries for acquiring citizenship in South America include Chile, Colombia, and Paraguay. Chile boasts a stable economy and a transparent legal system, offering residency programs that may lead to citizenship in 5 years. Colombia has also gained attention with its flexible visa options and relatively straightforward 5-year naturalization process for permanent residents. Paraguay, known for its ease of obtaining residency and low-cost living, provides a straightforward path to citizenship for individuals who have resided in the country for a 3-year period.